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Ubuntu (operating system) - Wikipedia. Ubuntu. Screenshot of Ubuntu Desktop 1.

It is one of the distribution systems of Linux, and is based on the Debian architecture. Besides personal computers, Ubuntu is available for tablets and smartphones, with the Ubuntu Touch edition.

It also runs network servers. That is usually with the Ubuntu Server edition, either on physical or virtual servers (such as on mainframes) or with containers, that is with enterprise- class features. It runs on the most popular architectures, including server- class ARM- based. Ubuntu is published by Canonical Ltd, who offer commercial support. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical support and other services related to Ubuntu. Both distributions use Debian's debpackage format and package management tools (e. APT and Ubuntu Software).

Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily binary compatible with each other, however; packages may need to be rebuilt from source to be used in Ubuntu. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian by pushing changes back to Debian. Ian Murdock, the founder of Debian, had expressed concern about Ubuntu packages potentially diverging too far from Debian to remain compatible.

One month before release, imports are frozen, and packagers then work to ensure that the frozen features interoperate well together. Ubuntu is currently funded by Canonical Ltd. On 8 July 2. 00. 5, Mark Shuttleworth and Canonical announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided an initial funding of US$1. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure the support and development for all future versions of Ubuntu.

Mark Shuttleworth describes the foundation goal as to ensure the continuity of the Ubuntu project. We're helping the Ubuntu GNOME team, not creating something different or competitive with that effort. While I am passionate about the design ideas in Unity, and hope GNOME may be more open to them now, I think we should respect the GNOME design leadership by delivering GNOME the way GNOME wants it delivered.

Our role in that, as usual, will be to make sure that upgrades, integration, security, performance and the full experience are fantastic. Many additional software packages, such as Evolution, GIMP, Pidgin, and Synaptic, that are no longer installed by default, are still accessible in the repositories, installable with the built in Ubuntu Software Center; or by any other APT- based package management tool and Snappy. Ubuntu operates under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and all of the application software installed by default is free software. In addition, Ubuntu installs some hardware drivers that are available only in binary format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted component. By default, the user's programs run with low privileges and cannot corrupt the operating system or other users' files.

For increased security, the sudo tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, which allows the root account to remain locked and helps prevent inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes. Most network ports are closed by default to prevent hacking. A GUI (GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall) is available to configure it. For the Ubuntu desktop release 1. LTS, a PC with at least 2 GHz dual- core processor, 2 GB of RAM and 2. GB of free disk space is recommended.

Since version 1. 2. Ubuntu supports the ARM architecture. These can be downloaded as a disk image (. DVD and booted, or run via UNetbootin directly from a USB drive (making, respectively, a live DVD or live USB medium).

Running Ubuntu in this way is typically slower than running it from a hard drive, but does not alter the computer unless specifically instructed by the user. If the user chooses to boot the live image rather than execute an installer at boot time, there is still the option to then use an installer called Ubiquity to install Ubuntu once booted into the live environment. Creating a bootable USB drive with persistence is as simple as dragging a slider to determine how much space to reserve for persistence; for this, Ubuntu employs casper. Exceptions, however, include firmware and fonts, in the Main category, because although they are not allowed to be modified, their distribution is otherwise unencumbered. Supported non- free software includes device drivers that can be used to run Ubuntu on some current hardware, such as binary- only graphics carddrivers. The level of support in the Restricted category is more limited than that of Main, because the developers may not have access to the source code.

It is intended that Main and Restricted should contain all software needed for a complete desktop environment. Backports receives no support at all from Canonical, and is entirely community- maintained. The - updates repository provides stable release updates (SRU) of Ubuntu and are generally installed through update- manager. Each release is given its own - updates repository (e. The repository is supported by Canonical Ltd. All updates to the repository must meet certain requirements and go through the - proposed repository before being made available to the public.

All updates must go through this process to ensure that the patch does truly fix the bug and there is no risk of regression. Canonical supports the packaging of the software for Ubuntu.

The package ubuntu- restricted- extras additionally contains software that may be legally restricted, including support for MP3 and DVD playback, Microsoft True. Type core fonts, Sun's. Java runtime environment, Adobe's. Flash Player plugin, many common audio/video codecs, and unrar, an unarchiver for files compressed in the RAR file format. Additionally, third- party application suites are available for purchase through Ubuntu Software. More games are available through Steam.

Releases. Version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is delayed the version number changes accordingly. Ubuntu releases are also given alliterativecode names, using an adjective and an animal (e. With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer, at least until restarting the cycle with the planned release of Artful Aardvark in September 2. Brian Lara Cricket 2005 Crack Exe File. Cara Instal Windows 7 Lewat Flashdisk Tanpa Software Development there. As a result, every Ubuntu release was introduced with an updated version of both GNOME and X. After major releases, the Ubuntu Developer Summit (UDS) is held, at which the Ubuntu community sets the development direction for the next cycle.

The latest such event, as of February 2. Ubuntu 1. 4. 0. 4 LTS to Ubuntu 1. LTS) are supported.

Ubuntu 1. 5. 1. 0 to Ubuntu 1. LTS). Ubuntu 1. 0. Maverick Meerkat), was released on 1. October 2. 01. 0 (1. This departed from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October in order to get . The following are not commercially supported by Canonical.

They included the following. These install a default set of packages that differ from the official Ubuntu distributions. The variants recognized by Canonical as contributing significantly towards the Ubuntu project (but not commercially supported. The differences between them are the absence of an X Window environment in a default installation of the server edition (although one can easily be installed, including Unity, GNOME, KDE or Xfce), and some alterations to the installation process. This enables installation on machines with a serial or .

Ubuntu 7. 1. 0 and later turn on the App. Armor security module for the Linux kernel by default on key software packages, and the firewall is extended to common services used by the operating system. Has minimum requirements of: 5.

MB RAM, 1 GHz CPU, and 1 GB disk space (1. GB for all features to be installed). Ubuntu Touch was released to manufacturing on 1.

September 2. 01. 4.